![]() ![]() This work provides new insights into morphology optimization and offers inspiration for new approaches to improve OSC performance. ![]() Consequently, TMB-incorporated binary devices based on PBDB-TF:eC9 and ternary devices based on PBDB-TF:eC9:HDO-4Cl record high efficiencies of 18.61% and 19.30%, respectively. A cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane, which forms a selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave. ![]() The optimized morphology limits energetics disorder, which further enhances exciton delocalization and inhibits non-radiative energy loss. During the film formation, TMB works as a bridge to connect adjacent NFAs, and a controlled π–π stacking distance can be obtained after its subsequent volatilization. The results suggest that TMB possesses intense electrostatic interaction with the terminal groups of NFAs to facilitate direct face-to-face packing. Here, we incorporate 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMB) as a solid additive to restrict the energetic disorder and achieve outstanding efficiencies of OSCs. Nevertheless, achieving a favorable nanoscale morphology that restricts the density of states proves to be challenging, especially in the state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) systems. Energetic disorder is one of the major impediments that limits the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). ![]()
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